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Machine Learning involves the process of instructing computers to acquire knowledge and make decisions. Think of it this way; imagine having a robot companion whom you don't have to give instructions to all the time. Instead you demonstrate some examples and the robot learns from those instances eventually grasping how to perform tasks on its own. This somewhat resembles how Machine Learning functions!
Now suppose you want to teach a computer how to recognize cats. Than listing out all the characteristics of a cat you present the computer with pictures of cats along, with some pictures that do not feature cats. Through analyzing these images the computer learns to identify patterns such as ears or whiskers.
Consequently it becomes capable of recognizing cats in images it hasn't encountered before. It's akin, to assisting the computer in becoming a detective when it comes to finding felines!